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    November 14

    广东方言

    中原人在岭南定居后,他们带来的文化,便一如水银泻地,渗透到社会的各个角落。处于弱势地位的土著语言——古百越语,很快被逐入深山老林、穷崖绝谷之中。客家人有一警句:宁卖祖宗田,不丢祖宗言。祖宗的语言,是他们在远离故乡,不得不挣扎求存于瘴疠之地时,仍然抱着庙宫未改,城社尚存的心态,坚守强势文化优越感的精神支柱,为维系一个族群世代相传的重要纽带。
    如果你认为自己是一位广东人,在广东出生,吃广东米,饮广东水长大,从小到大你填写简历时,籍贯一栏都是填广东。但有一天,冷不防有人问你:你有什么证据证明你是广东人呢?你脱口而出的回答是什么?因为我在广东出生?因为我父母是广东人?还是因为我的户口在广东?
    中山大学人类学系在广府、潮汕和客家三大民系中作过一个调查,到底广东人是根据什么认定自己是广东人的?结果,在被访对象中,有一半以上的人都是根据方言,其次是血缘关系,第三才是地缘关系。也就是说,人们是根据乡音,从茫茫人海中,找到自己的同乡的。就算你生活在梅州,但不会说客家话,你也不算客家人;就算你的户籍是潮州,但你不会说潮州话,走到街上也不会有人当你是潮州人。在广东人心目中,方言的位置就是这么高。方言的功用,并不仅仅是简单的信息传递工具,而且是重要的感情交流工具。
    以前,北方人把广东话一律称之为禽声鸟语。大清皇帝召见广东地方官员时,被他们一口一个我哋、佢哋搞得头大如斗,一怒之下,诏令闽粤两地都要设立正音蒙馆、正音书院,以驻防旗人为正音教师,全力推广普及官话。可惜驻防旗人本来就懒,又碰上广东这样的方言死硬派,推广了半天,广东人的舌头没有卷起来,正音书院却荒废倒闭了不少。
    五岭之外,依然是一片鸟语花香。


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